The hybrid ESOP/research trust and the public hospital
- The public hospital remains as the majority owner and controlling entity
- A ESOP or employee stock ownership plan is a for profit entity so the public hospital would have to be in partnership with a for profit partner that would purchase 20% of the public hospital.For Profit Physicians groups do this with a general partnership with non-profit hospital.
- The public hospital would own the for profit entity on behave of the public hospital employees(ESOP/ERISA)
- The public hospital employees would remain in any 203 (B) public pension and savings plans in addition to the ESOP
- We ask senator Stabenow to assist us in what amounts to a request for a IRS private letter ruling; better to have legislation.
- We request that a public hospital 203 (B) combined with an ESOP be permitted to exceed the IRS 20 percent rule only in cases where the following conditions are met,(A)(1) the purchase price or funds that flow from the ESOP to purchase an interest in the public hospital must be invested in a scientific research trust(A)(2) the research trust may use a portion of the interest earned annually on funding scientific research and hiring scientific research staff(a)(3) the research trust may use a portion of the annual research budget to amortize over 30 years building and equipment for scientific research utilizing NIH and NSF grant and funding rules.Building and equipment as public hospital properties are partly owned by the ESOP.
- This business model does not work with a leveraged ESOP unless the research trust hires research scientists who have a proven track record of winning NIH research grants; these would subsidize the annual earnings from the ESOP/trust and allow the public hospital to amortize with positive cash flows the debt owed to the leveraged ESOP.The concept of building laboratory spaces and real property using tax exempt bonds is known as arbitrage, to use tax exempt bonds to build research campuses in partnership with a leveraged ESOP is a concept invented and blogged about here and elsewhere since 1996
- A leveraged ESOP/research trust could empower the research scientists and public hospitals employees alike in innovation for the betterment of humanity and of their own personal and financial enrichment
- The original idea is from 1996 when I suggested that the Erlanger Hamilton County Hospital adopt this idea
- we-are-citizens-for-using-esop_s-to-capitalize
the Exploration Upper Stage contract
http://spacenews.com/41139nasa-boeing-finalize-28b-sls-core-stage-contract/
Proposed conops
EM-1 in 2018
EM-2 in 2022
EM-3 in 2024 Skylab-II/1
SLS/Skylab-II/ACES/EUS docks with ISS, demonstrates cryocooler and insulation of the ACES/EUS
2026
An ACES/EUS burn places stack into maximum ISS altitude;ISS is uncrewed for Van Allen belt crossing, fuel cell produces water and power from boil off.ACES/EUS Cryocooler moderates boil off to the ULA H2-O2 Thruster System program or the ULA IVF program. ACES/EUS boil off cools LXe that powers an ion engine to loft the ISS/Skylab-II stack into L2 orbit. Can the ACES/EUS boil off keep 10 metric tons of LXe cryogenic(ARM)? Use the $ 1.5 Billion ARM budget to incorporate ARM ion power stage into the ACES/EUS ! ACES/EUS Skylab-II ISS stack arrives at ELM-2 n 2028/29
EM-4 in 2029 Skylab-II/2 logistics to Skylab-II/1 in EML-2
EM-5 in 2032 Skylab-II/3 to Deimos
Hypothesis; bringing parts of ISS and a SLS to EML-2 utilizing a Skylab-II is a best use and a best efficiency of gradually merging the ISS/SLS budget line items. producing/manufacturing Skylab-II every two to three years out of SLS tanks reduces costs and brings human crew to EML-2 and Mars orbit
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NextSTEP proposal
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/NextSTEP_ARM_Reference.pdf
And our proposal, EDIT 7 December 2015
I need to write a better blog entry!
(A)(1) Orion separates from SLS upper stage and maneuvers to dock and extract ARM(practice)
(A)(2) Orion separates from ARM
(A)(3) Orion and ESA service module does a Mars flyby back to Earth to test ECLSS and orion EDL
ARM alone breaks at Mars and performs Deimos boulder retrieval and brings it back to Lunar retrograde orbit
If SLS can not loft both spacecraft to Mars then loft ARM on Falcon Heavy
see page 15
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/NextSTEP-Virtual-Industry-Forum_6Nov2014_final.pdf
Can ARM be co manifested with Orion?
(A)(1) Early uncrewed shakedown cruise of Orion/service module on a Mars flyby mission with the ARM derived spacecraft as a secondary payload
(A)(2) test ECLSS with living organisms
(A)(3)Use robonaught as a vivisectionist to recover tissues and preserve in freezer (reproductive tissues)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3858323/pdf/nihms529830.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278038/pdf/nihms349727.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836214/pdf/nihms-521320.pdf
IE is time to fly Professor Rappolee/Pusheck reproductive research
(B)(1) Fly DBRM as secondary payload
(B)(2)Needs NEO Scout as visual observer for boulder retrieval
(B)(3) uncrewed pathfinder for crewed asteroid mission
(B)(4)Pathfinder for prepositioned/uncrewed Orion SKYLAB-II at Deimos
On Page page 29 on the following document is a Falcon Heavy version of the ARM derived spacecraft with two engines that can bring back 10 to 20 tons of boulders from Deimos
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/NextSTEP_ARM_Reference.pdf
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Plan B for ARM directly leads to Deimos boulder retrieval mission (DBRM)
(A)(1) ARM boulder retrieval is most extensible to a Deimos boulder retrieval mission
(A)(2)Deimos is Higher in the Mars gravity well so a shorter mission timeline for a SEP
(A)(3) Bring back the Demos boulder to a lunar Lunar DRO
(A)(4) Fly Orion to Deimos boulder DBRM
(B)(1) Deimos boulder retrieval is most responsive to decadal survey needs as small body solar system evolution (SBAG) and its this that justifies using the SMD budget for 1/3rd of the mission costs (decadel survey concerns)
(B)(2) DBRM is directly extensible to prepositioning SKYLAB-II(2) at Deimos after prepositioning SKYLAB-II(1) at EML-1
Jon Goff suggests the same sort of sort of idea here a talking point # 4 . Jon talks science with ARM at Phobos and Deimos and this is precisely what the decadal survey is looking for with its SBAG committee.Jon speaks of ISRU from Martian moons a great idea! http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=32060.180
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Transforming 15% of Israeli FMA ( Foreign military assistance) to a space program. 15% of $3 Billion would be $450 Million per year.
This sum could only be used for equipment to be used in a joint Israeli American human spaceflight program.This could be a Lunar lander or a BEO space station***.Under this proposal Israel may use this fund to pay for membership costs in the ESA and ESO
The 15% of FMA shall gradually build up over 8 years or roughly 2 % a year.Israel would be entitled to a astronaut presence in BEO
The BEO space station could be Israel is partner in the proposed SLS/Skylab-II,Isreal could build a Skylab-II for each one NASA builds
A third alternative is a Israeli company with an american branch to build and test fly a pewee NTR engine in the Negev desert
http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.611001
Hypothesis; Transforming diverting American foreign military assistance to the peaceful exploration of the inner solar system brings peace and stability and yes pride in being human to the middle east,Indeed the 1977 Camp David peace accords gave Egypt $2 Billion in annual FMA so in a future post will discuss a NASA Egypt MFA accord. NASA partnerships with FMA recipient nations could be a major form of technology soft power that together with the ESA cements these nation states in the ESA and in the future the EU.
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Foreign military assistance for Moldova ,Georgia and the Ukraine diverted to a Human spaceflight program with NASA
Moldova and Georgia to receive $150 Million each for use in human crewed spaceflight program in partnership with NASA, Ukraine to receive $250 Million per year towards human spaceflight per year in partnership with NASA.
This assistance could come with american content percentage required and that the program is to be coordinated with NASA and the Israeli 15% of FMF program
Israel $450 million Skylab-II
Ukraine $250 Million Skylab-II follow on vehicle
Georgia $150 Million Bigelow space station
Moldavia $150 Million Bigelow space station
Note these are annual figures! So $1 Billion per year and these nations with SKYLAB-II at ISS would join the ISS governing body which then becomes a BEO governing body. $1 Billion per year provides for an early deployment of SLS payloads
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A number of years ago I mused with Mr. Bernard Kutter of ULA about the idea of keeping LHe 2 cool with a fuel depot. The LHE 2 was for transfer to the cryogenic space telescope. Later I discarded the idea in favor of a fuel tanker delivering the cryogenic helium to space telescope and then making its fuel depot run.
On selenium boondocks, I posted comments on ideas of hybrid chemical ion hybrid in space stages but now I would like to write more about disposal burns that could be further optimized with a cryogenic Xenon in space powered ion engine
ttp://selenianboondocks.com/2013/06/random-thoughts-sls-dual-use-upper-stage-as-a-super-aces/
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Guinea Pig ; (Cavia Porcellus) microgravity test organism for deep space food production and an additional reproductive analog to humans(Cavia Porcellus Luteal phase in miro gravity)
Reproductive study’s
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/pdf/10.1210/endo.138.10.5454
(A)(1)Guinea Pig as microgravity reproductive research baseline organism with a Luteal phase.
uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15869560
uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/102/16/5880.long
And In Mice,
Manipulate future organisms(GMO) for reproduction in less than earth gravity as data comes in on multi specific flight organisms
A comparative laboratory animal to mouse and rat for microgravity
(A)(1) Cavia Porcellus would enable and inform us as to comparative microgravity studies to those in mouse
(A)(2) Cavia Porcellus is a known laboratory organism in mammalian reproduction and shares with humans the Luteal phase
(A)(3) Cavia Porcellus is a known food animal and lends itself duo to its small size to potential 1/3 and 1/6th G as an astronaut food item
(A)(4) Cavia Por
Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter, and Margitta D. Ossenkopp. “Motion sickness in guinea pigs< i>(Cavia porcellus) indexed by body rotation-induced conditioned taste aversions.” Physiology & behavior 47.3 (1990): 467-470.
Bazay, D., et al. “Effect of mannan-oligosaccharides on the productive performance of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during the fattening period.”Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (RIVEP) 25.2 (2014): 198-204.
Civia porcellus in captivity feeds on kitchen and yard food scraps and could be a hypothetical solar system biomass recycler
NASA OCT looks for Earth applications
Cavia Porcellus tissue development in Earth gravity
uKouakou, N., et al. “Effect of a supplementation of< i> Euphorbia heterophylla on nutritional meat quality of Guinea pig (< i> Cavia porcellus L.).” Meat science 93.4 (2013): 821-826.
Ground based Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) with Cavia Porcellus as a part of a closed system(Huston lab)
We should investigate unicellular organisms and multicellular weed organisms as feed in a reduced gravity environment
http://www.physiology.org.rs/eng/htm/konf2008/gen_phys_spec.pdf#page=284
Cavia Porcellus and physiological development during pregnancy needs gravity
uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916785/
Cavia Porcellus has already laid down some “groundwork” on Physiological and organismal level reactions to microgravity
In discussions with charles river lab with a view to NASA SBIR
Charles river protocol for Cavia Porcellus(SBIR NASA)
Charles river protocol for Cavia Porcellus(SBIR NASA) Peru strain
Peru strain could be an international project
$100,000 to develop with a vender a space ready Cavia Porcellus that is a combination of the Charles river organism and the very large mass food animal developed at the university system in Peru ** Intentional cooperation in space exploration would be advanced by partnering with Peru in developing a space ready meat Cavia Porcellus
http://www.criver.com/special-pages/model-eval-form-us
space flight is expensive! Can we develop a flight ready organism that can provide conflict free multiple experiments on individual animals on a single long-term flight?
Can we develop a reduced human tended monitoring system for a Luteal phase experiment in Cavia Porcellus combined with a motion sickness monitoring flight experiment? My hypothesis is that research organisms as part of a flight experiment are in fact flying in a centrifuge so these experimental organisms already experience these stresses. Surgically implanted monitoring devices may not be more of a stress?
**This would be a Phase 1 NASA OCT under SBIR however there are opportunities to partner with NIH under peer review for related study’s. NASA reviews differ in institutional needs so I hypothesis that at least common ground could be met with SBIR and NIH basic research in Minority recruiting and possibly a recognition that some future NIH STEM researcher might find themselves in academia and SBA/SBIR .
The NASA SBIR rules are looking to preclude someone from transitioning from full-time academia to for profit SBIR work, This must make it even tougher for a minority researcher to make this sort of transition let alone anyone else.
NASA SBIR rules also seek to preclude an academic from doing both
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LNG/Water Maritime tanker Composite Rocket Fuel Tank derived Moss tank
Hypothesis; (A)The Maritime LNG and water trade could benefit from advances in both Methane rocket propulsion launch vehicles and composite tanks and possibly the launch vehicles industry might learn from the maritime LNG water transport trade.(B) The launch industry can learn from accident and safety studies by the LNG maritime trade in t case of arbitrarily large Methane Powered extended launch vehicles( ALMPELV’s)
In the case NASA/Air force launch sites environmental impact studies for large Methane powered launch vehicles might be minimal but new commercial sites environmental impact studies might very well be informed by the DOE LNG safety research report to congress in 2012 at the bottom of this page.
Options,
several very large composite maritime Moss tanks
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2014/14-043.html#.VJrS_14AKB
Moss Maritime General Brochure
http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/grandelena/
http://www.nwsssc.com/fleet/ship-technical-information/moss-rosenberg
- Poor fit in ship’s hull – ball in a box. Horizontal end caps from composite rocket tank design?
- High windage on ships – slow speed manoeuvrability difficult. Horizontal end caps from composite rocket tank design?
- Tank temperatures must be carefully controlled (equatorial tank temperature must be < -119C for loading).
- Cool-down rate usually about –6C per hour.Cool down for composite rocket tank?
- Wall thickness varies between 28-32mm at Poles and 160mm at equatorial ring. For a composite tank?
- Tank weight about 800 tonnes.Weight for composite rocket tank is half of this?
- Superstructure has to be high to see over tanks – airdraft becomes limiting factor at some ports.
- Horizontal end caps from composite rocket tank design? With many smaller 5 to 10 Meter tanks RO RO; commonly with launch vehicle propellant tanks?
Some smaller rocket derived LNG tanks, 20130013009 and 20130012938 an also
DOE_LNG_Safety_Research_Report_To_Congre
Message from the Assistant Secretary for Fossil
Energy
May 2012
• The Honorable Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
President of the Senate
• The Honorable John Boehner
Speaker of the House of Representatives
• The Honorable Daniel K. Inouye
Chairman, Senate Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Thad Cochran
Vice Chairman, Senate Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Dianne Feinstein
Chairman, Senate Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Lamar Alexander,Ranking Member, Senate Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Harold Rogers
Chairman, House Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Norm Dicks
Ranking Member, House Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Rodney P. Frelinghuysen
Chairman, House Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Committee on Appropriations
• The Honorable Pete Visclosky
Ranking Member, House Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Committee on Appropriations
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS SAFETY RESEARCH
LNG Cargo Tank Breach and Spill Analyses
LNG Cargo Capacity 140,000 m3 260,000 m3. Much larger than SLS or Methane powered SpaceX or ULA vehicles
Table 2. LNG Cargo Tank Breach Sizes Considered
Type Breach Area Breach Dimension
Very Small 0.005 m2 (0.25 ft x 0.25 ft)
Small 0.5 m2 (2.3 ft x 2.3 ft)
Medium 2-3 m2 (5.0 ft x 5.0 ft)
Large 5 m2 (7.3 ft x 7.3 ft)
Very Large 15 m2 (12.7 ft x 12.7 ft)
Large LNG Pool Fire Experimental Results
• Determining the Surface Emissive Power (SEP) of large LNG pool fires;
• Determining the fuel vaporization rate of LNG fires on water; and
• Determining the flame height to diameter ratios for large LNG pool fires.
Figure 5. Large-scale LNG pool fire test site
Table 3. Large LNG Pool Fire Data
Test
Volume
Discharged
(gallons)
Avg.
Flame
Height
(m)
Flame
Diameter
(m)
Wind
Speed
(m/s)
Flame
Tilt
(degrees)
Vap.
Rate
(kg/m2
s)
Surface
Emissive
Power
(kW/m2
)
(narrow/wide)
1 15,000 70 20.7 4.8 50 0.15 238/277
2 52,000 146 56
(83 m
spill)
1.6 Negligible Not
obtained
316/286
arbitrarily large methane powered extended launch vehicles ALMPLEV’s
LNG Cargo Tank Insulation Fire Damage Testing
Marine_Chemist_Association_22_July_14_EA_Final
http://www.arcticgas.gov/lng-carriers-called-floating-pipelines
http://www.arcticgas.gov/final-investment-decision-big-breakthrough
$65 Billion gas pipeline is a great deal of money but amortized over 60 to 70 years, A LNG trade with San Diego with ships built-in san Diego is a much smaller investment but more expensive per unit delivered,does it benefit san Diego water rate payers to do so?
https://gcd.larc.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/FS_CCTD_factsheet.pdf
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Delta Heavy, SpaceX heavy SSTO with Argon/Xenon Ullage gas Ion propulsion in space stage
arbitrary large fuel depot/Ion powerd in space stage (ALFD I-PISS)
SpaceX core stage 17,000 Lbs or 7.7 metric tons dry mass.
55 metric tons to LEO
Delta Heavy 23 metric tons to LEO
Delta Heavy center stage dry mass 26.4 metric tons
SpaceX Heavy
SpaceX Heavy conops
SpaceX Heavy with cross feed
SpaceX Heavy center core stage with Argon/Xenon ullage/pressurent gas
SpaceX Heavy center stage deploys Dragon derived solar arrays
powers O2 tank cryocooler
AR&D with ARM derived space tug with 10 tons of Xenon
SpaceX Heavy center core also feeds Argon/Xenon to ARM derived tug
SpaceX Heavy center core LO2 also vaporizes to keep ARM derived tug LXe2 in a liquid state to reduce tank mass and spacecraft volume***
ARM derived tug and spaceX core stage depart Earth orbit
*** applicable to transporting ULA fuel depots except use LH2 boil off to keep the tugs LXe2 cryogenic
We are working on LH2 Methane slush systems and Ion propulsion
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Yellow Dragon, a mission to repurpose existing ideas into new ideas 